Turkish film director Fatih Akn, who lives in Germany and has dual Turkish-German citizenship, won the Golden Bear Award at the 2004 Berlin Film Festival with the film Head-On. February 5 - 15, 2004. The main institutional means of establishing a consensus of the ulama on these dogmatic issues were the madrasas, formal Islamic schools that granted licensure to teach. It is a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages which is a group of the Indo- European languages. The eastern lands of the Caliphate were ethnically and religiously very diverse. Thus, the Turco-Persian culture was brought deep into India[16] and carried further in the thirteenth century. Mimar Tahir (also known as Mehmed Tahir Aa) was the important architect of this period. [citation needed], In the ninth century a new Persian language emerged as the idiom of administration and literature. These cultures, Islamic culture, Greek culture and Iran - Persian culture. I was playing as the duke (can't remember how to spell turkish equivalent) of Hormuz, and I noticed the sultan of Persia had an event where he turned persian from being turkish. Selflessness is noticeable on a day-to-day level. Ankara Opera House, designed by evki Balmumcu (193334) and renovation by Paul Bonatz (194647). Attars poetry inspired Rumi and many other Sufi poets. It was this Persian Islam, rather than the original Arab Islam, that was brought to new areas and new peoples: to the Turks, first in Central Asia and then in the Middle East in the country which came to be called Turkey, and of course to India. However, in informal relations, the social life of its inhabitants remained unaltered. Dhimmis in the Muslim Court: Legal Autonomy and Religious Discrimination. Turkish and Persian languages have some loanwords from each other, but there is no similarity between their grammar and pronunciation. [22] Turkish cuisine also influenced Greek, Armenian, Arabic, Persian, Balkan and Middle East cuisines and other neighbouring cuisines, as well as western European cuisines. ), who may be the best-known of the pre-19th century aks; Dadalolu (1785?1868? Various visitors and envoys were sent to European cities, especially to Paris, to experience the contemporary European customs and life. Thus, alongside the rise of the ulama, there was a corresponding rise in the political importance of the religious leaders of other doctrinal communities. His best known works are the Bustan (The Orchard) and the Golestan (The Rose Garden). [12] The film La finestra di fronte (2003) was particularly successful, winning the Best Film and Scholars Jury awards at the 2003 David di Donatello Awards, the Crystal Globe and Best Director awards at the 2003 Karlovy Vary International Film Festival, the 2003 Silver Ribbon for Best Original Story from the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists, the Festival Prize at the 2004 Foyle Film Festival, the Audience Award at the 2004 Rehoboth Beach Independent Film Festival, and the Canvas Audience Award at the 2004 Flanders International Film Festival.[12]. Much like African Americans and Japanese can be Christian, Persians and Arabs can be Muslim. Regional centers of Turkish culture first emerged, ie Central Asia. As the three ethnic groups ruled once an empire at their time in. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the Turco-Persian empires weakened by the Europeans' discovery of a sea route to India, and introduction of hand guns, which gave the horsemen of the pastoral societies greater fighting capability. The vast majority of citizens, however, share a common Turkish culture with some regional, urban-rural, social class, and ethnic variations. In the 13th and 14th centuries Saadi, Rumi and Hafez perfected the ghazal, lyrical poems but filled with passion. Persia and Central Asia became a heartland of Persianate language and culture. Aryan M.Divan Turkish cuisine inherited its Ottoman heritage which could be described as a fusion and refinement of Turkic and Persian cuisines. The Kara-Khanids were pastoralists of noble Turkic backgrounds, and they cherished their Turkic ways. It was during this period that Baroque-style mosques were starting to be constructed. The most popular sport in Turkey is football. The historian Peter Jackson explains in The New Cambridge History of Islam: "The elite of the early Delhi sultanate comprised overwhelmingly first generation immigrants from Persia and Central Asia: Persians (Tjks), Turks, Ghrs and also Khalaj from the hot regions (garmsr) of modern Afghanistan. It is solely a religion. Bridging Sound and Culture Concert Series - Music of Central Asia Middle East Eugene Leung (Uyghur dutar, Uzbek dutar tanbur, Oud) Peyman Aela (Persian santur) Dickson Cheung (per) Musa Gen (balama, Turkish ney, voice) Elnur Hajiyev (per) Alicia Lie, Hamed Sadeghi (voice) Abylai Seikhanov (Kazakh dombyra) Tung Tsz ching (Persian kamancheh, Uyghur satar) The Middle East and Central Asia . [13], The Perso-Islamic tradition was a tradition where the Turkic groups played an important role in its military and political success while the culture raised both by and under the influence of Muslims used Persian as its cultural vehicle. [30] The imposition of European influences on Asia greatly affected political and economic affairs throughout the region where Persianate culture had once been patronized by Turkic rulers. This period witnessed three types of mosques: tiered, single-domed and subline-angled mosques. 429-444. The culture of Turkey ( Turkish: Trkiye Kltr) combines a heavily diverse and heterogeneous set of elements that have been derived from the various cultures of the Eastern European, Eastern Mediterranean, Caucasian, Middle East and Central Asian traditions. His other works are: Diwan, Asrar Nameh, Musibat Nameh, Elahi Nameh, Jawaher Nameh and Sharh ul Ghalb. Broadly, there were three primary literary movements during this period: the Edebiyyt- Cedde (New Literature) movement; the Fecr-i t (Dawn of the Future) movement; and the Mill Edebiyyt (National Literature) movement. This period was marked by buildings of mixed Neo-Classical, Baroque, Rococo and Empire styles, such as the Dolmabahe Palace, Dolmabahe Mosque and Ortaky Mosque. The earliest great poetry in New Persian was written for the Samanid court. Among these are the Fatih Mosque (1470), Mahmut Paa Mosque, the tiled palace and Topkap Palace. The crowning literary achievement in the early New Persian language, the Book of Kings of Ferdowsi, presented to the court of Mahmud of Ghazni (9981030), was more than a literary achievement; it was a kind of Iranian nationalistic memoir, Ferdowsi galvanized Persian nationalistic sentiments by invoking pre-Islamic Persian heroic imagery. Outside of the Garip and "Second New" movements also, a number of significant poets have flourished, such as Fazl Hsn Dalarca (19142008), who wrote poems dealing with fundamental concepts like life, death, God, time, and the cosmos; Behet Necatigil (19161979), whose somewhat allegorical poems explore the significance of middle-class daily life; Can Ycel (19261999), whoin addition to his own highly colloquial and varied poetrywas also a translator into Turkish of a variety of world literature; and smet zel (1944 ), whose early poetry was highly leftist but whose poetry since the 1970s has shown a strong mystical and even Islamist influence. In this religion, there is one Lord Wisdom, known as Ahura Mazda. The name of specialities sometimes includes the name of a city or a region (either in Turkey or outside). Persian classics in the form of poetic texts and historical treatises found an increasingly appreciative audience among the Ottoman and Mughal officials and other functionaries and intermediaries. Persian weaving flourished in the second half of the 15th century during the Safavid Dynasty. Tiles were used to decorate monuments from early ages in Iran. [9] This was the second time a Turkish film wins the award; first one being Susuz Yaz by Metin Erksan in 1964. ), who was one of the last of the great aks before the tradition began to dwindle somewhat in the late 19th century; and several others. The Rstem Pasha Mosque, Mihrimah Sultan Mosque, Ibrahim Pasha Mosque, and the ehzade Mosque, as well as the trbes (mausoleum) of Suleiman the Magnificent, Roxelana and Selim II are among Sinan's most renowned works. Aside from common Turkish specialities which can be found throughout the country, there are also region-specific specialities. These changes were implemented under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatrk. Islam is not a nation, nor is it an ethnic group. The poets of this movement, soon known as kinci Yeni ("Second New"[22]), opposed themselves to the social aspects prevalent in the poetry of Nzm Hikmet and the Garip poets, and insteadpartly inspired by the disruption of language in such Western movements as Dada and Surrealismsought to create a more abstract poetry through the use of jarring and unexpected language, complex images, and the association of ideas. [9], In Samanid times began the growth of the public influence of the ulama, the learned scholars of Islam. Although the Tulip period ended with the Patrona Halil uprising, it became a model for attitudes of Westernization. The two primary streams of Ottoman literature were poetry and prose. [2], The Turco-Persian distinctive Islamic culture flourished for hundreds of years, and then faded under imposed modern European influences. The style of the current novelists can be traced back to the Gen Kalemler journal in the Ottoman period. 31, No. February 21, 2010. "Persian Culture" - World's (Oldest & Richest) Cultures! [ See:JIGAR Iran | Persian Dating(iOS ) Iran | Persian Dating(Android )], Everyone has one, but after the Arab invasion of Persia, many of its people felt lost. Hafez also known as Khajeh Shams-ud-Din Muhammad Hafe-e Shirazi was a 13th century Persian poet. [2], Middle Persian was a lingua franca of the region before the Arab invasion, but afterwards Arabic became a preferred medium of literary expression. Accordingly, the magazine's literary ventures, under the direction of the poet Tevfik Fikret, were geared towards creating a Western-style "high art" in Turkey. His second significant work was the Sleymaniye Mosque and the surrounding complex, built for Suleiman the Magnificent. [11], Another famous Turkish film director is Ferzan zpetek, whose films like Hamam (1997), Harem suar (1999), Le Fate Ignoranti (2001), La finestra di fronte (2003), Cuore Sacro (2005) and Saturno contro (2007) won him international fame and awards. The culture of Turkey (Turkish: Trkiye Kltr) combines a heavily diverse and heterogeneous set of elements that have been derived from the various cultures of the Eastern European, Eastern Mediterranean, Caucasian, Middle East and Central Asian traditions. The Tanzimat reforms of 18391876 brought changes to the language of Ottoman written literature and introduced previously unknown Western genres, primarily the novel and the short story. Young Pens was published in Selanik under mer Seyfettin, Ziya Gkalp and Ali Canip Yntem. [citation needed], Peter B. Most of Irans population speak Indo-Iranian but also some speak Semitic, and Turkic languages. Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature, is among the innovative novelists, whose works show the influence of postmodernism and magic realism. The Shu'ubiyah Controversy and the Social History of Early Islamic Iran. Another successful Turkish player in the NBA is Hidayet Trkolu, who was given the NBA's Most Improved Player Award for the 20072008 season, on April 28, 2008. Examples of prevalent symbols that, to some extent, oppose one another include, among others: the nightingale ( blbl) the rose ( gl) Upon the fall of the empire after World War I the Turkish Republic adopted a unitary approach, which leads the different cultures within its borders to mix with each other with the aim of producing a national and cultural identity. Persian language became the major literary instrument for many poems and religious works. A style that was very similar to Baroque was developed by the Seljuk Turks, according to a number of academics. From here it emerged again in Italy, and later grew in popularity among the Turks during the Ottoman era. won the Kora Cup in 1996, finished second in the Saporta Cup of 1993, and made it to the Final Four of Euroleague and Suproleague in 2000 and 2001. Ottomans fused various culinary traditions of their realm with influences from Middle Eastern cuisines, along with traditional Turkic elements from Central Asia such as yogurt. [14] In short, the Turco-Persian tradition features Persian culture patronized by Turcophone rulers. The main reason for this was Safavids' introduction of Shiism into Persia, done to distinguish themselves from their Sunni neighbors, especially Ottomans. During the early years of the Republic of Turkey, established after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the government invested large sums of resources into fine arts such as architecture and sculpture, and other artistic fields around the country in-line with the newly implemented reformist and West-leaning policies. In a sense, Iranian Islam is a second advent of Islam itself, a new Islam sometimes referred to as Islam-i Ajam. Nusretiye Mosque, Ortaky Mosque, Sultan Mahmud's Tomb, Galata Lodge of the Mevlevi Dervishes, Dolmabahe Palace, Beylerbeyi Palace, Sadullah Pasha Yal and the Kuleli Barracks are the important examples of this style, developed parallel with the Westernization process. Under their rule developed new styles of architecture, Persian literature was encouraged, and flourished miniature painting and book production, and under Timurids prospered Turkic poetry, based on the vernacular known as Chaghatai (today called Uzbek; of Turkic Qarluq origin). The closest related languages are Kurdish and Pashto. Turkish is a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic language family, whereas Persian is an Indo-Iranian language belonging to the Indo-European language family. He is one of the three greatest ghazal-writers of Persian poetry. The great jurist and theologian al-Ghazali proposed a synthesis of Sufism and sharia that became a basis of a richer Islamic theology. During the 1930s, Yakup Kadri Karaosmanolu and Vedat Nedim Tor published Kadro, which was revolutionary in its view of life. Their language, Istanbul Turkish, originates from the Turkic language family and they share cultural and historic backgrounds to such groups as the Ottoman Turks, Crimean Karaites, Kazahs, Uzbeks, and . Political, legal, religious, cultural, social, and economic policy changes were designed to convert the new Republic of Turkey into a secular, modern nation-state. First, the Abbasid Caliph al-Mutasim (833-842) greatly increased the presence of Turkic mercenaries and Mamluk slaves in the Caliphate, and they eventually displaced Arabs and Persians from the military, and therefore from the political hegemony, starting an era of Turco-Persian symbiosis. The reaction was immediate and polarized: most of the academic establishment and older poets vilified them, while much of the Turkish population embraced them wholeheartedly. Parvins poems have social, humanity, learning and mystic concepts. The Edebiyyt- Cedde (New Literature) movement began with the founding in 1891 of the magazine Servet-i Fnn (Scientific Wealth), which was largely devoted to progress (both intellectual and scientific) along the Western model. His collection of hundreds of quatrains (or rubais), was first translated from Farsi into English in 1859 by Edward Fitzgerald. Quotation: " Titley, Norah M. 1983. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Crossing the Bridge: The Sound of Istanbul, Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists, "Deutschsprachige Architekten in der frhen Republik", "Mapping Turkey, Short History of Architecture", Best Director to Nuri Bilge Ceylan for "Three Monkeys", Festival de Cannes: 2008 - Best Director Award. Nastaliq is the most popular styles among classical Persian calligraphy scripts. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the whole world and has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia! After 1500, the Persian culture developed distinct features of its own, and interposition of strong Shiite culture hampered exchanges with Sunni peoples on Persia's western and eastern frontiers. [citation needed]. [16] Basketball has received further attention and media coverage in 2010s with Fenerbahce Basketball and Anadolu Efes S.K. Ottoman Turkish is quite distinct from modern Turkish because it incorporated many more Persian and Arabic vocabularies. Shahnameh is the worlds longest epic poem written by a single poet. It was a refined language used for creating poetry and literature, but not one that everyday Turks could understand. The documentary has been produced in six 20-minute episodes by Iranian filmmaker Gholamreza Siami for IRIB's international TV network Sahar. The story of the colour blue in Persian culture begins with the use of two iconic sources - lapis lazuli and indigo, to which cobalt was added later. [citation needed], The early stages of Turco-Persian cultural synthesis in the Islamic world are marked by cultural, social and political tensions and competition among Turks, Persians, and Arabs, despite the egalitarianism of Islamic doctrine. Even the learned authorities of Islam, the ulama, began using the Persian lingua franca in public, although they still used Arabic as a medium of scholarship. 7, No. Turkey hosted the 2010 FIBA World Championship international basketball tournament and reached the final. As the broad cultural region remained politically divided, the sharp antagonisms between empires stimulated appearance of variations of Turco-Persian culture. [6], Second, the governors in Khurasan, Tahirids, were factually independent; then the Saffarids from Sistan freed the eastern lands, but were replaced by independent Samanids, although they showed perfunctory deference to the Caliph. Prior. Rumis works are written mostly in Persian, but occasionally he also used Turkish, Arabic, and Greek. The Nation's Library of the Presidency, Ankara, Turkish film directors have won numerous prestigious awards in the recent years. Farsi, the official language of Iran, is historically one of the most prominent languages of the Middle East and extended regions. Turkish literature is the collection of written and oral texts composed in the Turkish language, either in its Ottoman form or in less exclusively literary forms, such as that spoken in the Republic of Turkey today. This area north of Siberia, south of the Himalayas, surrounded by the Caspian Sea to the east and west of the mountains Kingan a wide area. Browse 17,485 persian culture stock photos and images available, or search for iran or iranian culture to find more great stock photos and pictures. The buildings constructed in Istanbul during the period between the Turkish conquest of the city in 1453 and the construction of the Istanbul Bayezid II Mosque are also considered works of the early period. This was also the first time since the 19th century that Turkish literature was escaping from Western influence and began to mix Western forms with other forms. Also important to the religion is the concept of the nature of good (Senta Mainyu) and evil (Angra Mainyu). Miniature developed into a marriage of artistic and poetic languages and obtained a deep and sincere accordance with poetry. The most important function of miniature was illustration. The master architect of the classical period, Mimar Sinan, was born in 1492 in Kayseri and died in Istanbul in the year 1588. Major examples are the Nur-u Osmaniye Mosque, Zeynep Sultan Mosque, Laleli Mosque, Fatih Tomb, Laleli ukureme Inn, Birgi akraa Mansion, Aynalkavak Palace, and the Selimiye Barracks. He is one of the most celebrated of the Persian poets, and his influence can be felt to this day. Two years later the Turkish national team finished third in the 2002 FIFA World Cup held in Japan and South Korea, while in 2008 the national team reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Euro 2008 competition. Masnavi is a series of six books of poetry that together are around 25,000 verses. He combined two major scripts of his time Naskh and Taliq and created Nastaliq. [24] The Ottomans developed distinctive styles of arts and letters. However, it was about this time when the construction on the Ishak Pasha Palace (16851784) in Eastern Anatolia was going on. Under Ghaznavids poets and scholars from Kashgar, Bukhara, Samarkand, Baghdad, Nishapur, and Ghazni congregated in Lahore. Unlike Persia they gradually shed some of their Persianate qualities. Rumi (Molana, Molavi) also known as Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi was a 13th century Persian poet and was one of the most passionate and profound poets in history. They gave up Persian as the court language, using Turkish instead; a decision that shocked the highly Persianized Mughals in India. Turks and Iranians share a common cultural heritage, known as the Turko-Persian tradition, which was a prominent characteristic of the Ghaznavid (977-1186), Seljuk (1037-1194), Sultanate of Rum (1077-1307), Ottoman (1299-1923), Timurid (1370-1507), Kara Koyunlu (1374-1468), Ak Koyunlu (1378-1501), and Safavid (1501-1736) Empires. They were the core of a movement which became known as the "national literature.". He is regarded as one of the greatest spiritual masters and poetical intellects. It can be observed that various regions of the Ottoman Empire contain bits and pieces of the vast Ottoman dishes. It is said that he saw as many as 500 patients a day in his shop, prescribing herbal remedies which he prepared himself, and he wrote his poetry while attending to his patients. The festivity traces its roots where Santa Claus was born in Turkey and is known as Noel Baba. The 'folk poetry' as indicated above, was strongly influenced by the Islamic Sunni and Shi'a traditions. [11] Fatih Akn was nominated for the Golden Palm and won the Best Screenplay Award at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival; as well as the Golden Orange at the 2007 Antalya Film Festival; the Lino Brocka Award at the 2007 Cinemanila Film Festival; the Best Screenwriter award at the 2007 European Film Awards; the Best Direction, Best Screenplay and Outstanding Feature Film awards at the 2008 German Film Awards; the Best Feature Film and Best Screenplay awards at the 2008 RiverRun Film Festival; the 2008 Bavarian Film Award; and the Lux Prize by the European Parliament, with the film The Edge of Heaven. Turkic language belonging to the Gen Kalemler journal in the thirteenth century a new Islam sometimes to... 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